Wisdom teeth, or third molars, typically begin to emerge between the ages of 17 and 25. While some people experience no problems when these teeth come through, many face discomfort or complications due to a lack of space in the mouth. When wisdom teeth are unable to grow in properly, they may become impacted. This condition can lead to pain, infection, and long-term dental issues if left untreated.
Let’s take a closer look at what impacted wisdom teeth are, why they occur, the symptoms to watch for, and how they can be treated effectively.
What Does It Mean When Wisdom Teeth Are Impacted?
Wisdom teeth become impacted when they are unable to fully erupt through the gum line. This often happens because the jaw is too small to accommodate them. As a result, the teeth may remain completely trapped beneath the gum or only partially emerge. In both cases, they can press against neighbouring teeth or grow at awkward angles, leading to crowding or damage.
Types of Impaction
Understanding the position of impacted wisdom teeth can help determine the right treatment. The main types of impaction include:
- Mesial Impaction – The tooth tilts forward towards the front of the mouth.
- Distal Impaction – The tooth leans backward, towards the rear of the mouth.
- Vertical Impaction – The tooth stands upright but does not break through the gum.
- Horizontal Impaction – The tooth lies sideways and pushes into adjacent teeth.
Common Symptoms of Impacted Wisdom Teeth
Although some impacted wisdom teeth may remain painless for a time, many people develop symptoms that worsen if left untreated. Look out for the following signs:
- Pain or swelling in the back of the jaw
- Sore, red, or bleeding gums
- Difficulty opening the mouth fully
- Bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth
- Headaches, earaches, or swollen glands
- Pressure or shifting in nearby teeth
Even if you’re not in pain, your dentist may still identify an impaction through X-rays or during a routine check-up.
Why You Shouldn’t Ignore Impacted Wisdom Teeth
If impacted wisdom teeth are not removed or monitored, they can cause several complications. One common issue is pericoronitis—an infection of the gum around a partially erupted tooth. Additionally, impacted teeth can lead to:
- Tooth decay in surrounding molars
- Gum disease
- Damage to the jawbone
- Cysts or, in rare cases, benign tumours
Acting early can prevent these problems and reduce the need for more complex treatment later.
Treatment Options: What to Expect
When a dentist or oral surgeon identifies an impacted wisdom tooth, they usually recommend removal—especially if symptoms are present or likely to develop. The extraction may be done under local anaesthetic, sedation, or general anaesthetic, depending on the tooth’s position and complexity of the procedure.
Most people recover within a few days, although healing times may vary.
Recovery and Aftercare Tips
Taking care of your mouth after wisdom tooth removal is key to a smooth recovery. Here are some helpful tips:
- Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling
- Follow your dentist’s instructions on medication
- Eat soft foods like yoghurt, soup, or mashed potatoes
- Avoid straws, smoking, and vigorous rinsing for the first few days
- Rinse gently with saltwater to keep the area clean
With proper aftercare, most people heal quickly and return to normal activities within a week.
Final Thoughts
Impacted wisdom teeth are a common dental issue that shouldn’t be ignored. If you’re experiencing pain, swelling, or other symptoms, or if your dentist spots a potential impaction on an X-ray, early intervention is the best course of action. With timely treatment and good aftercare, you can prevent serious oral health problems and maintain a healthy, comfortable smile.
