Oral cancer is a serious condition that affects the mouth, throat, and lips. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Recognising the signs of oral cancer can help people seek medical attention quickly, improving their chances of recovery. In this article, we’ll explore the common signs of oral cancer and how to spot it early.
Understanding Oral Cancer
Oral cancer can develop in any part of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, roof or floor of the mouth, and the inner lining of the cheeks. It can also spread to the throat. The disease occurs when cells in these areas grow uncontrollably.
Certain risk factors increase the chances of developing oral cancer. These include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, sun exposure (especially to the lips), and a history of human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular dental check-ups can help detect the early signs of oral cancer before they worsen.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer
Oral cancer may have various symptoms. Some of these signs may be mild or hard to notice. However, if any of the following symptoms last longer than two weeks, you should see a dentist or doctor.
1. Persistent Sores or Ulcers
Sores or ulcers in the mouth that do not heal can be a sign of oral cancer. These may be painful or painless. If an ulcer persists for more than two weeks, seek medical advice.
2. Unexplained Bleeding
Bleeding in the mouth with no clear cause could indicate oral cancer. It might occur from sores or lesions, or even without any visible injury.
3. Lumps or Thickening in the Mouth or Neck
Lumps or thickened areas in the mouth, gums, or neck should be checked by a healthcare provider. This could be a tumour or growth. Swelling in the jaw, neck, or throat could also be a sign of oral cancer.
4. Persistent Pain or Tenderness
If you experience ongoing pain in the mouth, jaw, or throat, it could be a sign of oral cancer. Pain when chewing or swallowing is also common. The discomfort may extend to the ear or neck.
5. Difficulty Swallowing or Moving the Jaw
Difficulty swallowing or moving the tongue and jaw can also indicate oral cancer. It may make eating or speaking more difficult.
6. Changes in the Voice or Hoarseness
A hoarse voice or changes in speech may suggest that oral cancer has spread to the throat. If the voice remains hoarse for an extended period, consult a doctor.
7. White or Red Patches in the Mouth
White (leukoplakia) or red (erythroplakia) patches in the mouth, gums, or tongue can be early signs of oral cancer. These patches may be thickened or raised. While they aren’t always cancerous, they should be checked by a dentist.
8. Unexplained Weight Loss
Unexplained weight loss may be linked to oral cancer. This can occur if the cancer makes eating or swallowing difficult. Weight loss without a clear cause is a serious symptom and should be addressed with a healthcare provider.
How to Spot Oral Cancer Early
Early detection of oral cancer is vital for better treatment outcomes. Here are some steps you can take to spot the disease early:
1. Regular Dental Check-ups
Dentists can spot the early signs of oral cancer during routine check-ups. Regular visits help identify any unusual changes in the mouth.
2. Self-Examination
You can regularly check your mouth, gums, tongue, and lips. Look for any sores, lumps, or patches, and feel for areas that may be tender. Early detection can lead to early intervention.
3. Know Your Risk Factors
If you smoke, drink alcohol heavily, or have other risk factors, be extra vigilant about changes in your oral health.
Conclusion
Oral cancer is a serious disease, but it can be treated successfully if caught early. Understanding the symptoms and getting regular screenings are key to early detection. If you notice any changes in your mouth, tongue, or throat that persist, seek professional advice. Early diagnosis increases the chances of successful treatment, offering better outcomes for those affected by oral cancer
